What is a Commercial Building? A Roofer’s Guide to Commercial Properties & Systems

When navigating the world of commercial real estate properties and their roofing systems, understanding “what is a commercial building” can be somewhat confusing. Contractors, building owners, and property managers need to understand the nuances, though, if they aim to protect and maintain these properties effectively.

In this guide, we’ll explore a roofer’s definition of a commercial building as well as the roofing considerations for commercial properties and systems. We’ll even cover the unique challenges they present.

Defining a Commercial Building

By definition, a commercial building refers to any property used primarily for business activities, rather than residential purposes. These structures house businesses, provide office spaces, or serve as venues for retail and industrial operations. Examples include shopping centers, office buildings, retail stores, and distribution centers.

However, not all business-focused buildings fit the roofer’s definition of a “commercial building.” There are plenty of former residential properties that have been converted to commercial zoning and now house businesses, but still retain residential characteristics at their core. The roofing systems used for these buildings often align with standard residential properties, as they typically have sloped roofs and a smaller footprint. Conversely, apartment buildings might be residential in their function and zoning, but utilize commercial roofing techniques.

So, if we’re to look at the definition from a roofer’s standpoint, a commercial building is:

1. Zoned for commercial use, and
2. Used primarily for business purposes (even if it houses residential rental properties), and
3. Larger than a standard residential building, with conventionally commercial roofing systems such as:
   • Single-ply (EPDM, TPO, PVC, etc.)
   • Built-up (BUR)
   • Metal roofing
   • Modified bitumen (mod-bit)
   • and in some cases, asphalt shingles

Unlike residential properties, which are designed for living purposes, commercial buildings support various business functions and often accommodate more extensive space requirements. Understanding the commercial building definition helps distinguish these properties from their residential counterparts.

Types of Commercial Properties

There are several types of commercial properties to consider. Commercial properties span a wide range of categories, including:

Office Buildings

These buildings provide office spaces for business operations. They can range from high-rise towers in urban areas to smaller class B buildings or class C buildings suitable for smaller enterprises. Their primary function is to operate a business, not to build or manufacture.

Retail Spaces

Retail properties such as shopping centers, department stores, and pad sites are designed for businesses providing goods and services directly to consumers. These spaces do not typically build or manufacture products, but they often contain some office space.

Industrial Buildings

Industrial buildings include distribution centers, industrial facilities, and buildings designed to produce goods. Industrial properties often feature large floor spaces and require specialized HVAC systems to maintain energy efficiency. They often contain office spaces, but their primary function (and their primary use of space) is for the manufacture, distribution, or storage of products.

Mixed-Use Properties

These real estate properties blend commercial and residential elements, sometimes featuring on-site restaurants or apartment complexes alongside retail stores.

Specialty Buildings

Structures such as bowling alleys, sports training facilities, conference areas, and buildings housing utilities like pumps, generators, or other items fall under unique categories depending on their intended use and business needs.

Roofing Systems for Commercial Buildings

It’s important to make the distinction between building types because the roofing requirements for commercial properties are different from residential real estate. Factors such as larger square footage, floor plan flexibility, and environmental impact considerations influence the design and maintenance of these roofs. Simply put, the roof on a commercial property has higher standards to meet.

Common Roofing Materials

As mentioned, the roof on a commercial property has different requirements than one on a residential structure. The materials necessary to meet these requirements are generally heavier duty. They consist of:

1. Metal Roofing: Durable and energy-efficient, metal roofing is popular in industrial and retail spaces. Commercial metal roofing is thicker than residential metal, and they’re often designed for lower slopes.
2. Built-Up Roofing (BUR): Comprising multiple layers of materials, BUR systems are common in low-slope roof designs. They’re heavy and require significant roofing structure, which often makes them impractical for residential properties, even if their design involves a low slope.
3. Modified Bitumen: A versatile roofing option, this material offers flexibility and resistance to harsh weather conditions. They’re highly waterproof and durable, allowing them to meet commercial requirements, but aren’t typically cost-effective for residential properties.
4. Single-Ply Membranes: These include TPO, PVC, and EPDM systems, known for their ease of installation and strong resistance to UV rays. In some cases, they’re suitable for residential real estate buildings with low-slope roofs, but the materials used on commercial buildings are typically heavier and more durable.

Important Considerations for Commercial Roofing

We mentioned that commercial properties have different requirements or standards that they need to meet. The following are some examples of considerations that commercial roofing systems must take into account.

• Energy Efficiency: Commercial buildings benefit from roofing systems designed to improve insulation and reduce energy consumption. This helps reduce building operation costs, supports eco-friendly initiatives, and may qualify the building for tax benefits. Additionally, most commercial roofing warranties require annual maintenance to remain valid. Regular upkeep ensures the roofing system continues to perform efficiently and helps avoid issues that could void the warranty.
• Environmental Impact: Green roofs and cool roofing materials are increasingly popular for their role in minimizing heat islands in urban areas. Some local municipalities may require these from commercial buildings of a certain size.
• Maintenance Needs: Regular inspections and maintenance schedules help prolong the lifespan of commercial roofing systems. Inspections involve checking seams, flashing, drainage systems, and other areas where leaks can occur.
• Lease Terms and Property Taxes: Understanding lease terms and property taxes is crucial for building owners managing roofing costs. In most cases, the maintenance on commercial leases falls on the property owner, not the business—the same applies to property taxes.

Unique Challenges for Roofers

Commercial roofing projects present specific challenges that require the specialized expertise of an experienced commercial roofing contractor:

Large Square Footage

The expansive nature of office buildings, industrial properties, and shopping centers demands efficient installation techniques and robust project management. Shutting buildings down for large projects is often not an option, so these projects need to go off without a hitch and proceed at a fast pace.

Diverse Business Needs

Each commercial sector has unique requirements based on its business operations and intended use. Buildings requiring expansive HVAC systems will have more penetrations and flashing needs, while eco-conscious buildings might make use of large daylighting systems consisting of systems of skylights.

Compliance with Regulations

Building codes and safety regulations vary for different types of commercial activities. The requirements of an industrial factory using chemicals to manufacture a product will be starkly different from an office building.

Investment and Market Considerations

Commercial real estate offers investment opportunities with potential for rental income and capital gain. Market conditions, real estate taxes, business activities, and general location largely influence property values and the returns an owner can expect. Real capital analytics often guide investors in understanding market trends and making informed decisions.

Tenants and Lease Management

For commercial real estate owners, managing tenants effectively is a critical part of commercial building ownership. An efficient and dedicated property manager can streamline operations, handle lease agreements, and ensure that tenant services meet high standards. They’ll also be able to stay on top of the building’s maintenance needs, including the roofing systems.

Nations Roof is the Leader in Commercial Roofing

Whether you’re wondering “what is a commercial building” or have a few of your own that need roofing service, contact Nations Roof. We have over 100 years of experience in commercial roofing and maintenance, and we know what it takes to protect your building regardless of its requirements. We offer the guidance and education you need to make the best decisions for your buildings, so contact Nations Roof today.